Risk Factors of Cervical Cancer

Cervical cancer occurs in the cells of the cervix, the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. Multiple risk factors contribute to the development of cervical cancer.

Human Papillomavirus Infection (HPV): The most significant risk factor for cervical cancer is persistent infection with certain types of HPV, a virus transmitted through sexual contact. High-risk HPV strains include HPV 16 and 18, which are responsible for the majority of cervical cancer cases.

Smoking: Smoking tobacco increases the risk of cervical and other cancers. Tobacco by-products damage the DNA of cervix cells and may contribute to the development of cervical cancer.

Weakened Immune System: Individuals with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS or those taking immunosuppressive drugs, are at a higher risk of developing cervical cancer due to less effective control over HPV infections.

Sexual History: Early sexual activity and having multiple sexual partners increase the risk of HPV infection, thereby increasing the risk of developing cervical cancer.

Long-term use of Oral Contraceptives: Research has shown that the use of oral contraceptives for extended periods (five years or more) may increase the risk of cervical cancer. However, the risk decreases after the contraceptives are discontinued.

Understanding these risk factors is crucial for prevention and early detection strategies, such as regular screenings with Pap smears or HPV testing.